Un plan necunoscut al oraşului Târgovişte din 1831

Laurenţiu RĂDVAN

DOI: 10.47743/asui-2021-0019

Abstract: In this study we analyze an unknown plan of the town of Târgovişte, the former capital of Wallachia until about 1700. It is a plan from 1831 discovered in the State MilitaryHistorical Archive of Russia (RGVIA), which provides valuable information about the evolution of this town and its state at the beginning of the 19th century. This cartographic source provides information about the situation of the places of worship at that time, but also about missing buildings, such as the churches of St. Parascheva and Catargiu, or about new institutions, such as the post office. Data are added on the ditch around the city, bastions, the density of buildings, the use of land inside and outside the town, the beginning of the expansion of Târgul de Afară and Sârbi neibourhoods, the area between the arms of river Ialomiţa, surroundings. Significant is also the registration of several ruined buildings (churches and the former princely court), indirectly confirming what we learn from the records of those who visited the town in the first half of the 19th century. Due to the wars and fires of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century, but also to the abandonment by the prince and the grand boyars, Târgovişte had become a shadow of what it once was, a town of ruins, which impressed the first romantic writers in Romania. All this completes a valuable picture of the old capital of Wallachia.

Keywords: Târgovişte; Wallachia; town plan; topography; churches.

Between the diplomacy of war or peace and the Ottoman occupation of the Romanian Principalities (1821-1822)

Cristian PLOSCARU

DOI: 10.47743/asui-2021-0018

Résumé: Dans les années qui ont suivi les événements de 1821, la scène politique des Principautés roumaines a connu de grands bouleversements, des complots, des intrigues, des initiatives de réforme, mais aussi des efforts de la noblesse réfugiée pour compromettre la légitimité et l’autorité des Caimacams nommés par l’Empire ottoman et, plus tard, des nouveaux princes indigènes. Nous n’insisterons pas sur les aspects connus liés à l’établissement de l’occupation ottomane. Nous tenterons une analyse de quelques plans et intentions politiques ayant un impact sur l’élite des Principautés, en particulier sur les boyards réfugiés, qui visaient à résoudre la crise provoquée par les événements de 1821 et l’occupation militaire ottomane, conformément aux intérêts et aux projets de ceux qui les proposaient, issus de la sphère politique russe ou grecque.

Mots-clés: occupation militaire; diplomatie; révolution; parti de la “guerre”; boyards réfugiés.

Evenimentele anului 1821 în corespondenţa unui negustor genevez din Odesa: Jean-Justin (Jules) Rey

Alexandru-Florin PLATON

DOI: 10.47743/asui-2021-0017

Résumé: L’insurrection grecque de 1821, commencée à Odessa, continuée par la campagne de l’Hétairie dans les Principautés Roumaines et, à partir de l’automne, par la révolte des Grecs du continent contre les Turcs, a été attentivement suivie non seulement par les diplomates des Grandes Puissances (Russie, Angleterre, France, Autriche, Prusse), mais aussi par les gens du commun, préoccupés par le même événement pour des motifs divers. Un de ceux-ci a été Jean-Justin Rey (dit Jules), un négociant originaire de Genève, établi à Odessa depuis 1810. Dans sa correspondance avec son associé Léonard Revilliod (lui aussi originaire de Genève et qui vaquait à ses affaires non loin d’Odessa, sur la propriété qui lui avait été loué par les autorités tsaristes en 1809), Jules Rey lui raconte tout ce qu’il entendait dire de divers informateurs ou par les rumeurs qui circulaient dans la ville sur le déroulement de l’insurrection des Grecs dans les Principautés et sur la situation à Constantinople. Au nombre de dix, expédiés du 9 mars au 30 décembre 1821, les lettres de Jules Rey mettent en évidence une perspective très personnelle, à « ras le sol » sur les événements de cette année. Le tableau qu’elles dressent de la situation est très fragmentaire, il est vrai, mais néanmoins très intéressant par tout ce que l’on peut deviner, par son entremise, non seulement des motifs qui ont poussé l’auteur à suivre tout ce qui se passait, mais aussi de ses sympathies politiques et de ses états d’esprit.

Mots-clés: Jean-Justin (Jules) Rey; Léonard Revilliod; insurrection grecque de 1821; Odessa; Constantinople; Stroganoff.

Crâmpeie din istoria Bisericii Sfinţii Teodori din Iaşi prin însemnări de odinioară

Mihai-Bogdan ATANASIU

DOI: 10.47743/asui-2021-0016

Abstract: The handwritten or printed book has been a precious cultural and material heritage in the past. Not infrequently, the people of those times, whether they were private individuals or members of communities and institutions, took care to write down the books, as patrimonial goods, in wills, dowry sheets, wealth registers and inventories. This movable patrimony, perishable and always affected by disturbances of any kind, is today an important historical source, both by the existence of these books and by the impressive treasure of information offered by the notes on their pages. Our main objective is to make an inventory of the books that constituted, in the 18th-19th centuries, the patrimony, probably lost today, of the church of Saints Teodori from Iaşi. With the help of the notes on their pages, we also tried to reconstruct some fragments of the history of the church from the Târgul de Sus area of Iaşi.

Keywords: Iaşi; St. Teodori Church; mahalle Muntenimea; old books; notes.

Danii româneşti în favoarea aşezămintelor ortodoxe sud-dunărene. Noi mărturii documentare

Gheorghe LAZĂR

DOI: 10.47743/asui-2021-0015

Résumé: La reconstitution de l’aide accordé par les princes roumains, depuis les premiers siècles de l’existence des deux principautés extra-carpatiques et jusqu’au moment de la sécularisation de la richesse des monastères à l’époque d’Alexandre Ioan Cuza (1863), reste encore un objectif à accomplir dans l’historiographie roumaine, bien que les recherches réalisées dans ce sens au cours des dernières décennies soient plus que remarquables et aussi prometteuses. Malgré ces efforts et ces bénéfices historiographiques on trouve encore, dans les archives du pays ou de l’étranger, de nombreux « miettes » documentaires de ce genre qui attendent encore d’être récupérés et qui contribueront sans doute à une meilleure connaissance de cette réalité. Les documents analysés et publiés par l’auteur dans cette étude sont également un témoignage dans cette direction. Ayant comme point de départ les données fournies par les documents au-dessus mentionnées, dans une première section l’auteur reconstitue l’historique des liens entre le monastère de Vlatadon (Thessalonique, Grèce) et Valachie, à partir de l’année 1587 jusqu’au milieu du XVIIIe siècle. Dans la deuxième section, l’auteur offre des détails sur les contacts, inconnus jusqu’au à ce moment dans l’historiographie roumaine, entre la Moldavie et l’établissement monastique – dont l’existence ne semble pas également être connue – de Schepastos / Chepastos, tout près de la ville d’Adrianopol (aujourd’hui Edirne, en Turquie), mise sous le patronage de la Sainte Vendredi. Dans l’annexe de l’étude, l’auteur publie le texte intégral des neuf documents découverts et qui ont été à la base de son analyse.

Mots-clés: donations; monastère Vlatadon; monastère Sainte Vendredi (Schepastos); Valachie; Moldavie.

Muzica nunţilor domneşti

Eduard RUSU

DOI: 10.47743/asui-2021-0014

Abstract: The princely court has over time hosted everything that was most important in the country in terms of music. Here you could find a great musical diversity, catalogued according to the specifics of the area, with many foreign influences, taking into account the taste of the princes, who commanded and supported financially different events. Nowhere outside the Court could a greater musical diversity be found, as music was for a long time an attribute of sovereignty, through which its exponents could manifest their pre-eminence. Therefore, the music of princely weddings not only had the role of beautifying the atmosphere, but also was intended to transmit a message of power. In the case of weddings held at the Court, great emphasis was placed on pomp and spectacle, and the examples we have clearly show emphasize that music was one of the elements that made the difference. Considering that in general the matrimonial ties were established with important people from outside the country, proving the power and the wealth was a priority for the Romanian princes. Therefore, in this context we have many testimonies of the presence of musical groups and games (intrinsically linked to music) brought from outside the country, especially from Constantinople, which have the role of proving the power of the prince.

Keywords: music; wedding; ruler; political power; Romanian Principalities.

„A slujit domniei mele cu dreptate şi cu credinţă”. Câteva consideraţii privitoare la Andrei, hatmanul lui Petru vodă Şchiopul

Sorin GRIGORUŢĂ

DOI: 10.47743/asui-2021-0013

Abstract: Many aspects regarding the hetman Andrei are known to a certain extent as, in the last century, both historical contributions and preserved documents clarified some important questions regarding the life and the activity of this boyar who served Petru Şchiopul for many years. Other biographical elements also of some importance, like his origin, the moment and the context of his death, have remained and are likely to stay less well known in the absence of new documentary evidence. Sketching the portrait of a boyar like Andrei, high official in the council of two rulers of Moldavia (Petru Vodă and Aron Vodă) and one of Wallachia (Mihai Viteazul) can contribute to the confirmation or the retouching of the characteristics known about the end of a period in the history of the Romanian principalities. The reigns of either Petru Şchiopul, or Aron Vodă or Mihai Viteazul cannot be analysed and even less understood without knowing those small or great boyars, merchants, creditors. These characters often embodied sometimes by one person, individually and especially together have contributed to a greater or to a lesser extent to the obtaining or to the dissolution of these reigns.

Keywords: Andrei hetman; biography; Petru Şchiopul; Moldavia; 16th century.

The doctrine of lawful rebellion in the princely proclamations of the French wars of religion

Andrei Constantin SĂLĂVĂSTRU

DOI: 10.47743/asui-2021-0012

Abstract: The historiography of the French Wars of Religion has devoted a lot of attention to the “monarchomach” literature of that period, examining the ideas of legitimate resistance and popular sovereignty expressed in these works. But the “monarchomach” authors, influential as they might had been in the field of ideas, were not key policy-makers, even though some of them got close to the centers of power by being part of the inner circle of the potentates of that time. The “official” position of the rebellious factions was expressed in the proclamations issued by their princely leaders when hostilities broke out anew. These princes embraced the idea of lawful rebellion of the “monarchomachs”, but did so on their own terms. This paper aims to analyze how was the doctrine of lawful rebellion constructed in these proclamations, in contrast with the popular radicalism in some of the “monarchomach” tracts.

Keywords: France; Wars of Religion; Rebellion; Royal Power; Huguenots.

Augustin – al doilea Atanasie

Pr. Fabian DOBOŞ

DOI: 10.47743/asui-2021-0011

Abstract: The current article highlights the resemblance between the great Holy Fathers of the Church: St. Athanasius and St. Augustine. In the middle 4th century, when St. Augustine was born, Christians were already divided into two main parties: those agreeing with the faith profession of Nicaea (325) and those who were against. The pro-Nicaean party was lead with maximum tenacity for almost half of a century by St. Athanasius. Even if the whole world seemed to be touched by Arianism, Athanasius stood steady on his decision to defend the creed expressed by the Ecumenical Council of Nicaea. Shortly after the decease of this great defender of the faith in Alexandria, the converted Augustine receives the baptism on Easter night in 387, through the hands of the famous Bishop of Milano, St. Ambrosius. After that, Augustine joined with full strength in mind and spirit, the fight against the heretics, taking the lead of the party faithful to the Nicaea-Constantinopolitan creed. These two great saints left their spiritual mark on Christian Antiquity, because, while presenting the Christian Doctrine to the pagans, they were also correcting the heretics, and strengthening the faithful Christians in living fully agreeing to the NicaeaConstantinopolitan creed.

Keywords: St. Augustine; St. Athanasius; Nicaea-Constantinopolitan creed; Arianism; Pelagianism.

Haine pentru soldaţi: contracte cu statul roman şi afaceri personale

Iulia DUMITRACHE

DOI: 10.47743/asui-2021-0010

Résumé: Les documents analysés démontrent, à la fois, l’implication contractuelle de l’Etat à travers ses représentants, l’acquisition des produits non seulement à partir des environs, mais aussi à de plus grandes distances, mais aussi quelques défauts logistiques. Dans le même temps, là où l’État ne parvenait pas à répondre aux besoins ou lorsque les choix personnels dépassaient l’offre, un marché parallèle pouvait toujours être développé pour fournir des produits supérieurs aux simples soldats ou officiers et générer des revenus non négligeables pour les commerçants concernés.

Mots-clés: l’armée romaine; vêtements; marchandes; contrats officiels.

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